Justice Thurgood Marshall

From: Subject: Justice Thurgood Marshall Date: Fri, 1 Sep 2006 15:11:52 -0500 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: multipart/related; type="text/html"; boundary="----=_NextPart_000_019E_01C6CDD8.F443C570" X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2900.2962 This is a multi-part message in MIME format. ------=_NextPart_000_019E_01C6CDD8.F443C570 Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Location: http://brownat50.org/brownBios/BioJusticeThurgoodMarshall.html Justice Thurgood Marshall

<= /TR>

Brown@50

Fulfilling the = Promise

Howard University

School of Law

Chronology

Brief=20 History

Cases & Other=20 Law

Biographical Sketches=20

Educational & Other=20 Resources

Contacts =

Brown@50 Home=20

Scholarship & News=20 Reports

HUSL Events=20

HUSL Event=20 Photos

Outside Events=20

HUSL Home
HU=20 = Home

Thurgood Marshall

(1908-1993)

Brown@50
Biographical = Sketches

Robert=20 L. Carter
Julian=20 R. Dugas
Jack = Greenberg
William H. = Hastie
George E. = C.=20 Hayes
A. = Leon=20 Higginbotham
Oliver = W.=20 Hill
Charles=20 Hamilton Houston
T= hurgood=20 Marshall
William = Robert Ming,=20 Jr.
Constanc= e=20 Baker Motley
James M.=20 Nabrit, Jr.
S= pottswood=20 W. Robinson, III

Biography

by Steven D. Jamar

Thurgood Marshall was one of the architects of = Brown = v. Board=20 of Education, and was the lead counsel arguing against = the=20 separate but equal rule of Plessy v. Ferguson. Charles=20 Hamilton Houston was his mentor at and after Marshall attended = Howard=20 University School of Law. He went on to be the first African = American on the United States Supreme Court.

Thurgood Marshall was born and raised in = Baltimore,=20 Maryland. (born on July 2, 1908). He did well through high = school=20 and graduated from Lincoln University, a small private HBCU, in=20 Pennsylvania in 1930. He then applied to the University of = Maryland=20 School of Law in 1930, but was denied admission. He then = went to=20 Howard University School of Law, in Washington, DC. Howard=20 University had been created in 1867 in large part to educate = slaves and=20 the descendents of slaves. The HU law school was created two = years=20 later and to a very large degree created the black bar that = developed and=20 implemented the strategy leading to Brown.

In 1933 Thurgood Marshall graduated as = valedictorian of HUSL=20 and became a civil rights activist. In 1938 he became an = attorney=20 for the NAACP and in 1940 became the NAACP's chief counsel and = founder of=20 the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund. Among the many = precedent-setting cases he argued were Smith v. Allwright = (1944)=20 in which the Court held that the exclusion of black voters from = primary=20 elections in Texas was unconstitutional and Shelley=20 v. Kraemer (1948) in which the Court held that racial = restrictive=20 covenants in housing were unconstitutional.

But the most important work done by Thurgood = Marshall,=20 Charles Hamilton Houston, and a few other attorneys was creating a = number=20 of precedents leading to Brown v. Board of Education. = In=20 1954 Brown overruled Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) and held = "separate=20 but equal" unconstitutional in public schools nationwide. =20 Brown ultimately led to the dismantling of de = jure=20 discrimination. Among the major steps toward Brown was = Pearson=20 v. Murray (1936) in which Marshall and Houston = fittingly=20 established in Maryland's highest court that the University of = Maryland=20 School of Law could not exclude African Americans as Maryland had = excluded=20 Marshall just a few years earlier. Two years later in Gaines=20 (1938) this principle was extended to the entire country when the = U.S.=20 Supreme Court held that Missouri could not exclude blacks from the = state=20 law school since there was no comparable, and could be no = comparable,=20 school in Missouri for African Americans because of the unique = intangibles=20 of a legal education. The principal was then extended further in a = number=20 of cases including Sweatt=20 v. Painter (1950) which declared separate but equal = facilities=20 for black professionals and graduate students in state = universities=20 unconstitutional. Ultimately this precedent was extended to other = schools=20 and ultimately down to public primary and secondary education in=20 Brown.

President John F. Kennedy appointed Marshall to = the U.S.=20 Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit in 1961. He became = President=20 Lyndon B. Johnson's Solicitor General in 1965. Then in 1967 = Pres.=20 Johnson appointed him to the Supreme Court where he served until = he=20 retired in 1991. He was the first African American to serve = on the=20 nation's highest court.

Thurgood Marshall died of heart failure on January = 24, 1993.=20

Bi= bliography

------=_NextPart_000_019E_01C6CDD8.F443C570 Content-Type: application/octet-stream Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 Content-Location: http://c1.statcounter.com/counter.php?sc_project=264526&java=0 iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAADoAAAARAQMAAAC2Hi2eAAAABlBMVEUAAAAAAJkstJIvAAAAAXRS TlMAQObYZgAAAF1JREFUeJxjYMAN5Jn5n3/4UMHAYNjOw8Y44wxQ6DwPGzNvGwMDYzPvsYczgQx2 Zr50gw/nQCIMBpIzyoBqDjMYSPOwgRg8ZtI8QDWGzWzJhiDt8vyHDz4AGUgEAACYXBg0m9eV4AAA AABJRU5ErkJggg== ------=_NextPart_000_019E_01C6CDD8.F443C570 Content-Type: image/jpeg Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 Content-Location: http://brownat50.org/images/blue075.jpg /9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQEBLAEsAAD/2wBDAAUDBAQEAwUEBAQFBQUGBwwIBwcHBw8LCwkMEQ8SEhEP ERETFhwXExQaFRERGCEYGh0dHx8fExciJCIeJBweHx7/2wBDAQUFBQcGBw4ICA4eFBEUHh4eHh4e Hh4eHh4eHh4eHh4eHh4eHh4eHh4eHh4eHh4eHh4eHh4eHh4eHh4eHh4eHh7/wAARCACgAKADASIA AhEBAxEB/8QAHwAAAQUBAQEBAQEAAAAAAAAAAAECAwQFBgcICQoL/8QAtRAAAgEDAwIEAwUFBAQA AAF9AQIDAAQRBRIhMUEGE1FhByJxFDKBkaEII0KxwRVS0fAkM2JyggkKFhcYGRolJicoKSo0NTY3 ODk6Q0RFRkdISUpTVFVWV1hZWmNkZWZnaGlqc3R1dnd4eXqDhIWGh4iJipKTlJWWl5iZmqKjpKWm p6ipqrKztLW2t7i5usLDxMXGx8jJytLT1NXW19jZ2uHi4+Tl5ufo6erx8vP09fb3+Pn6/8QAHwEA AwEBAQEBAQEBAQAAAAAAAAECAwQFBgcICQoL/8QAtREAAgECBAQDBAcFBAQAAQJ3AAECAxEEBSEx BhJBUQdhcRMiMoEIFEKRobHBCSMzUvAVYnLRChYkNOEl8RcYGRomJygpKjU2Nzg5OkNERUZHSElK U1RVVldYWVpjZGVmZ2hpanN0dXZ3eHl6goOEhYaHiImKkpOUlZaXmJmaoqOkpaanqKmqsrO0tba3 uLm6wsPExcbHyMnK0tPU1dbX2Nna4uPk5ebn6Onq8vP09fb3+Pn6/9oADAMBAAIRAxEAPwD5lRvL k8pQ2SAWx0xUtuRFH5hRzydpDcc9vWoysqIsoBy2CuG3c/4UIsWMvcDGMkE8f56V/QydjxSO5BYg Ry7YjklRwc571WkYBjGq47HByTVmVWnCRR7WYN9wZztPPWop4ZF2hih284/iz+lKT5thofLK42FW LFlAAAB9Ov4UQSmJmLMxSRvmTOPxqOGPefLceUmccnaelOldxshkTCqCFJ9PXP4VO2oE8LgYQKY4 3PyZfAP+TUzSF5GTAYhQzZ5HHIwap7s2rRpKWAHQev8AhxTLScDahARXJOcdCAcUcyCw2QNK244w q9B3z/8AXpkZcqFdMDkcD8atuIjd5VMq3zDPGB3omnGDGImfZyfzyTn04pWQXHWsaSg7WlEYPRRw Pb36VLCVJDMrdMED1Hc+lQOsMsDmM8A8EcYP+fWrVqirdLFHIAgXOQoOSRzzzVxVxFdlm63GSCMq ic9OmadcqjIskcx8zJVto2459atTEzTsE3BQFPTPHpVB5s3KOY2SMcYGMZ6/rTa1AdcwvGu0MzIg 3N83J4qS3iLEK8giZgR8y5GOvT8KmiTypRK9sXhm6snb29uaZKlsbp/mlDDhduc9uv51VkmAolWS bywXkVevGAe3SorkrhiqgRjhAOD+XWrFzElkVEXmFZV3DHUHjtTZGhZYJpWZGBOQOp+tUxEaqWUz +aI2yBtByM/0qQyB1KlAGbJJx3qvJKvzmMBZFXAwOCKbGWSEMUyWYjIPt0PtQ7DJJQVig2hlCt8x Y9f8+lSQlxAYQqu7Zw6noKheVp792DBhzg4GDTmWKKVZrZ2ML4V93UcdfpWe7AS23LcRslwqkP8A vMrzye1LewMGMiO88W7pFyOnc0ksUrFVBKoP4gOGwB3FTwsJbhre3Vy0WHGWO0Y6sc9acewFSe4i lCZRYRjJCpz1xSywgK7rM00aBQM+h54P49KtyQC5mj2qnMjYSU7TjqRjtzWZdrGsshWKS3ZVA2Me p6fypyjbVjWo9lQq7+SBGrYyrEg8GgwoblY2f5UGCAOAMdeOtRyeRDCiK7TFlBYHICt7VZtPLi1F GnISMgEFu2R9KxavoMetolzLC8i+Qx+U8Yye3bvzVqRVSYk79kiFfLxySegHr0qO809dwSJ9zIMk YJDYGf60ljJPHLAqTxCCF8lvXPPf06VpGFnsK5Lp1oLyRomCowjQjsuPQ+/+FQxW80bTQAIkO7Bk JOBzgECku5HtJj5dyHeRt4CofmNLPJfJKspCS+b8wRc4yPY1bsnYRBLCrzNJAxeKEDcWJyT3PFSL JNMu5YwyYICgdOwJ/Cp7Z1ljQOkKtNkuF4Oc/nTFi+y3v2gShIlyRtB57Y/A1LstQFtneWMQhhM7 nOSSACDnocc1Zzb/AGh8uepxxjnHWqUks1vdJdiIOT82T90c4HUcGrtksGoSFBNECMkKc/MT9MUm 77ARG3ldPMu42IAJBH8WB0/Sq6DzZMSMAhxznB9atzXEsCPDNKAYvu7Txg9R/OiWGQwqAFdGXJ2E Aj/OaTdnZgUXhMeZlkL7hgEDPTFQgOqRyiQnJztJx6jpU9o5EjQ7yyJkKAfTOM/nVqJLeK0aUksV kzxzj0/nVqKeoFFpBDKpMYZo2AbI+nOQaaLsM8i7GEWMhM0+4nMrtOVjfaoDAjr096ru/mTB0CSN t5z0HsM0ne9kNEkaiW5DRbo9gABxwTj/AOsa2LFxcWk7TTQgjhjkqy+2Me1ZcOoyxKYFMZJxhmQD YQTyMfWrQuxvfbHKZXGWZF4JP4fSmpJO4mhmpptuDKqJIvG4n0+oPXpUFwj+afK8wK6ZyTwTg8A+ nHelhiuRcSclTMuWI6jBz0/CoxcSmaSRiJHZvvAZPA9KpyTYELK0KINoBYkAk5zj0H9alllkvJHj CEszZ5YkKO386imYyurNnap2/MMYPpV/T7SCB1a4AEhOVz2/AVja702KLlvbSiRJ3wwtmEbPn0PO fwpzZl0dYTJEjs3LYyAp5A6delPvZLRLSTypArzdU287fWqtzFHCsFmWeQSvvJ2gnbjgZrVtLdEk P2OCK6EbeYZFDbVbIcMMkEHpjiotMdPNFwUzOpY9Tubj/wCvUmpNH9oE8hEpB2ZKH5SOMHBFKsD3 EoREhQlh5ckSj171EpWGJJZt5XnsojZMFgCS2DzyaZdOcROI2ggXaUxyDnk5qzeW8qSslozDYgR9 xweB19McUixSyRvFczD7OMSFQcknptHNTpa7AqJiS4KTGMB48hs8KAM/0q3LIjSBbKZFdQXfr0wO KovO1nJvSMK42hcjBA56468VdsIlgmN7M0YRjyCOG45x+NCab0AGVC6NCCEBKlj825qsXN5C4aS3 K+WUYYkjqtPNAsscES4flnGenHbtUKECJFCLJKoIdWzkgmrju7CCEtBzHsd5ASVBPIP0q3bhZJPK jUKWX/VD19arMqpNCyN5eDnIAzg/WkaRnZZEI8wFsPgKQR9K0UugivPLE8eC/LHkkEkqOlVo1bDo qHB5wRz1pXheRg0algQOg6fX8qcUKAvE7ZHBAPPr+VYX5nexeyEWDepBG0oemOuT3qyLdmLLZ3jS bQDtHGePrVOWHCoyyqxZdx9qtrP9nby1UZKlWIG0juT61m9xsdEyx26tkeaqEk9eOnP51DMxVpWZ Mo+ORwSPUVanWzhkMNvkMOAw+YyZHTn3pkyS3cKCfy1kjLBiW5xwen407tiFsInkZo454/nUsABu P0NaBLx3SymABkLFipAB+Y8jPT/69UbeEybm3iARjajKuN2O5NaFvHNcwk+UizYMTcbyB0z0rWOs bEsrrcS3F5KiWzIvJbdl844xkfWmWKwyRpHdxM/OVIZgMEcfjUha4nuUgUsrQkhgdvfoR06+9Q3P mzukayRL5ajLA7cexx/Sjmb23AS/hh+2ShMmAkhcHcc55/GoJBsmE8RLRl/lbpkj1x371qXFkRBa xXEscjEZCxnPzD15HY1Sto7XAkRgBvHysN2M5zUy0ew0WroPcRRyL5shgLFncHBHGAOOcUr3KvG6 K7F4wXz156YqC4umSR4FZjA2RHtYdSR1qlcmW3Xy15ZnLM2ASTmlPuCJRbxDck2f3fzycAEg/wA+ 1VY5VcSLIm1Twu0cL14q3eXkrQx8Mqou3cuMg981BD5JiEpQO5OJBkAYPGR0p310DoCRq2XuYyoK g7hxjv8AnigTiN9luocAYB5yaclvJcxeSs3O7cgbHTGBk1JbQtOiny1DQpuIC8nHHNC1YETHcEdJ CXBACkng/jTvMWBmCuVYkHbjkdzVdNxL7XO4OCF6c81YaKGaON2LoygiQ8ksR0xTTb1AiBkMxe3A Ukkbc9Ka8ISLlmWTOFTZgtmn3UToWBVW5zlTwMVL9oPkxOkRZ1YHcSOTzx0pAOIMc0yptikAKGNc c/iagnimdllRlwNuAWyQT2/z602aWNoo40YoeWf0z61ftZzDDDGiwuXGVDKec5HJ9acvedkG2pGJ jLbtbtCvlwKGcZGTj3NQxR24ENxJuSP+6FyG7dajkyLvPkIcrkIBuGeanuWkmdTEjDy+WiA4XGPw 61HL1YxlvHG0RZpHAMhURq2ATx6/jWxpjRW8zSAGIL98A8Kc9AfpWVuC3CNcukm0kbVG3APJzxVo nLxE5WNgC2D1I4q4rQTLflCyiBiZbkTE7QpAJI9+uKrIICQyIru+XKjjyyDyD+dP04hZfMhiWNs4 35wR+X8qiurmQXDyW8qKiMcr5IOfX69KtOKEPur4SQo7Rjz0IYbBwee5+lU3hcMF8ohJWYsFPCn6 +lWGeeS4JLwxqcF3VeOg49qgR/ImEgBfeeV6HbzwM+1EncCK2G298gsHQ5LYY445GKvXErm3CsHS FCAGI6k84PU9Ka8lpM0hVv8AWkfK3BVQBxxUTGRpPISVNwbjLqVAC9vc1na2obhO9rb3ADx+Z8ik hDjHTqMdKgtnmnEkaANkZfBC4UU5IlumlhVjlSdvGR+dPurWUywoFUKEPzRnd9c0lF7jJtPt4dvn KCFclVDN0wOfrk02zwr+ZDO8TyNksASoBzkVHFcvBHiEIWf5CxGApA7dgas2jXckyugKhAcEt8vX v61cWraCIrCRUt5HmH3SQWC8nPeormWWYpOW3RL8h5HIH+OadL5c0UzYKFTuYE5DdOlRNGqEBSJQ 5+RAO+Oppu6QxLq2dEjZlLMw3N27U9n3xRuu1BEBjJ6t9adMqiCAxpwQeC+08f5NRecSYwI8APtw c7Ac/rUvRiEgDSTyNKEEcyljxnAB7YqzEvlWxluEzGjgI2DlcZOOaiiWKJxcb4wygqQq53E5xx+V XN0wUxurzIyh38sdGzx6elOCBsptcKNUh+0qViiXZwnUeuPxqwbmNNONvbBmRmOZSgyMnoe9Qzz2 8wU2zeU8YO5inUcck9e9Q2sEzp5kKD5gd2SNrAVPM27DFRo2jM0ZkEq8Od+d3oelWQs1vcIyEv5y ttBO4LUL2bNaLcW0LHIIYBsk9e3titCOFptLVLaYbowA6PkFSOv86vkbVkBTjunEEgdWd+m7IGfS prQNd3WSsSpjd5e4bsjHfrTJisqbSnEYI2qmCSRgknHYilsIVRWeUKmej7snjtj8KfLrYQk0kbxz MsLwt97aw/A9+9TReSzNHLbyyug37QRhVx09e9MdLmUmQeXJJs3L6kA+nrU4MjQtiNjNIuVIb5fx NZOPmBHdRxRg/KWSRWITYcofT8jSQIbbbO9qkgWIDy+ARxyxq9sntbYFm3EZTDdz14/z2qozOjXU 5k2PKu1Y1bcGJ9B6Vo49wGRRbhK0LHELhWAGOTnoSelSWk0bwlikkEKZ3AyfX5fpUWnoPsoCPHuO S6MvzZIxwDxinxQRTWCymNU2sBLHnqORnFXyrRoBIrhGQyRR/Ig5RV5BJPP5VXYeQJJY5pFCsCAw 5z71K91am1RbaMQksdwGfn9Mn24NQS+ZPJ5jpHD5Z25LcOR/kVL7ARSyF2COomY5ZjuHt6fSn4Ii 2h1VRnB3dCPTmm3BHnINwRz87hDtHIzxTjFGLR3ljTzWYbSSckf5NEdUDGXciiX94m8BVAIblf8A 69Dq0MsbSlpIUYAKw7dScVXKiNwxUDeuCp57c1chkSQ7vObO0jY3Tpz07dKz1Y9iWytRH5lwUSVW bKckHbyMj8xSzsluxS1Lxgvh2JxjA6Y61O8SxSoElAKplhnjPYAU223lZXMR3Aglc8knpjnpSS6s LmdJCWwIYPkbOdzcYBxuPTinxpEHWNchDkMY2zg+hOOlWbuSUySRNcgEK2UkHU9gDVbb5xeXyUYu MhBnk9/5ZpWcZXDoSebcK6tKA6M5VcE5XkZ+tRQvdLdGaJyXbgAjJ56fyq5IIUW0kkuGRnUMAqj5 c5zz+VRy20SgmKWWUMQXZeu307elb2lYRHeSyx26wXiZZ23Enqv+NNluxLayQLEFU7SHwAxAHX3q NAkl0xLsF+6CxJxjHf8Az1predvaORBhRt3KMHHbNLYZoRzme4KlYgyJhHDYycf/AF6bFctLF5by DYSVJb06AgiqEZQhCsgyf9apJHerEixC4jwpjiXA2nIJ5zkZqYu+wixLqNwPKiTydxIIfnA6Dn3q GW4t7pHmuHkN1hVUoDhcdT+NJp5F5eiOQghuQzjgAZ69KNhELNZ3OAWA2KpUkepp80mr7jL8DwCO YId0T4XYUyeNoyD1HWmvcoi28zeZ5L7uwJ7cHj9apafdyWOJkSNgCVIddwb1INJNIUhIiKzGRPML /wBznoAemKpSaWgrFiaYQwx2zW8YLSFkYnJUcY6dqbcozM5uW3FCdoHA3c8Y+gqnxlkExVDjcxXP I7VdmNyZXjc+awjyVA6HgU7gVmSEyRSRHLdx1II7VDdGR0SSVTgHGScZ9hUkgie4EjFosgb8Kcg4 5/Oi7kLW4VQDvbsM8dvoazctBhc+TMFwzDByWck5/wA4qy0cYhcW7xSIzEkH5c8f402SZogI5I1P P3cDI4+vvTktfMt/NgVsSffA7HNJb3EPmt5vsxllRBNIMDIyAMD8qsSlf+Ef3faFMrHClT0x17dK rSs6RFJQXaIHkHjJB7HvUn2IQ2oulkik3Eb0YfMik4IxmjSwFdVljYYt8y+WCjFic4GSw+tTXE1y qx3ZlEY/1ewptAz1FF5cXRkhkiCgA7Y2IGcEdMdqnISYRxXLmBJG3kleFPf+dJpv5AZ5uhmNXw5C bWSReRzk4/SphFJLcfIhVHjC9Mnr2qa7gjGoKzSvJCgyGC5Lcf8A1qpwP9+5igby8bcFj0PfrRdg At3KqQZBuJB6c++KrzEzFQ7B2HyEKMEjPHarN8ZHuxGbc4DHARvlyR64qq67ppFSDcQAQA2ccfrV N3Q0MDLDKdisrq3yhu49DSXUrz3Bednzgjk5x6Y9qbbRLKW3ycAE4HX8PxqLJQgEcqc4IrBydtS7 aly/VLaRY4HZgFUg5z9f1qbzIRZea0JcqCAynGD059ajtGkfzbresa5w7AAYB4wB+NTzIEjESoNs jDYu44Iz15q731TJZVEpMzCAMitg7Rxhse1SAXMe0Gc7HGDH5mOMUikWsqsjnzM8p6cetOuZluJY VBDuF3Mc8Dge3tQmluBG8zIiqWJydxbPOO1WYr6YOCk8hU/e3nkDjvSXCNcrhNzeWueBwB/+qpXW Py1Zlj2RnhFGC31PetHzIQ1riJ4tjjkMOVP3v/r4qG6mYf6pBsBx/e7fpUoM0inyQsSgcIq5z1Oa W3iaVyeBMEJCEAD0/Coa1EK8ZcLI0jBhjaWPPPrUjzNBgK+dvTbgVWieaRGgByB93HXjvUihiP3h KJj5jnLDGauK6gTTys00aLEuxPm3DnJ9z61Nd3MCFpTbhpEYOCrY79/z/SqMMka3OfMwD83+yRnN TXEDAh4ofkOSW3fezyOPyqn3AWSSSWV2mRicq6sFyOxA5p3ns95vZY5owxJjC/dx1496J5HSGSRY 2wMHr64xVdEhVXkE7gsMZQYznrWUtWBM87w+fFEjhN5ZCwyEGeg5pLaWSCEqXk+fKrjA25z14/rU drMULoyl0AKsCOCRTI9sksoDyFdm4ZOQrVUbLYAurqV4lSVEKBhgKOSev41XdCA7W7lEcZZSe3vj 609p3JVZRgp/HjP8qhuArvIUk46quetTJlIiAYYYgAJxuA/KlYPNt2tvOD165qSVJZIw8koyeME4 GPpSKqggpl5Dk8HgCoa0sO4sdsZInYEF8AhF5PX0qwJJXjW3nDkRcgDqKfYIykznzVVcrlR1J65p 8iyrK2IgzOOWVsKwz0x+IqrEtjG824BCosYWTONp/OnQxJzsbbKRjzEIx7/SnyhoQk0auCRgksev I6VFbPbwGWIeYwlUJ2AHOc/pVbsCKSRZGYRM4YnGS2MqB+vep1lMjyEtuK4BVTnv1/Cqtu48w7oo 3Unbg5wo459achMU7lAAqZG5ehNNMCQNKYYyjiML90g8kUF5C5y7h+hIXNNLM7kkbQjbhk8kmhJW JYyOQD82Rzk0CJ7FxJlVCh1XJYdadPN5kIdo4jztOTzg/SnWyOG27I3JBwR6Ed6ZcxRtEdqJwcnB 569K1S0EQybkkaOEq6uQMFaUzrG6oluqksVYscAe9PS4to4jsRg5Ozdz6jFOlAiYsUjdscjGMYP/ ANc1L1WjGAuMbUfBG0N1yCe3IpiNIZt77dsYOUA4x/LvTBKciZQqFThSSfX0+lOkEhgkmR/Nz8sm Fxge9ZeYxbqZlVo44AkTA5JGDUQmD23lCRkPsQADT3UCNZS2+NkC7gTlTn+dV5UBUyPGQ+RkMcE8 daGwJIWLQqoYIGGGLDjAyM0sKKkEqo6MRgq23rzVXz3LM23jgYz0pY3QbWwxwfu9sVDaY7MmISSW NYlOSc/eJxUxVVlkidcMx/1vpgjP+fekuQJEXyTlCc/7o70RrILhkj3TY7kHHNXuIm+ztGBIJQ0R /wBYc8Hn2pLtgQdjAugHPIwOuKlmBBUvGuEO1TgjGKqokr3+1HO5z0K9smjrqIsxLFJGUikMY4Pq Q1ILeW23TRvukBy3PPTrRKojhCCTKBiZAQRjnp9aiizlZMrsyeh5+nNaWV0AryRMyuSwU8cde3NQ zRMJAWYeXz16cVdu4xDbfLCRubB549eKp+Yjh02nbyQztjrVNW0YEYXcAu7BwBg/hUskKRxlwDjg 54wT1pDD5chR2yPWpFSN4wrNg55XtxU2uB//2Q== ------=_NextPart_000_019E_01C6CDD8.F443C570 Content-Type: text/css; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Location: http://brownat50.org/brownat50style.css BODY { BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; BORDER-TOP: medium none; FONT-WEIGHT: = normal; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; BACKGROUND-IMAGE: = url(images/stepsbackground.jpg); WORD-SPACING: normal; MARGIN-LEFT: 6px; = VERTICAL-ALIGN: text-bottom; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; COLOR: #000066; = LINE-HEIGHT: normal; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BACKGROUND-REPEAT: = repeat; FONT-STYLE: normal; FONT-FAMILY: trebuchet ms, arial, helvetica, = sanserif; LETTER-SPACING: normal; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #33ccff; TEXT-ALIGN: = left; bgcolor: #FFFF99 } DIV.indenttext { MARGIN-LEFT: 25px; COLOR: #000066; FONT-FAMILY: trebuchet ms, arial, = helvetica, sanserif } P.warning { COLOR: red } H1 { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 18pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 2px; PADDING-TOP: = 2px; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif } H2 { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 16pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 1px; PADDING-TOP: = 1px; FONT-STYLE: normal; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, = sans-serif } H3 { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-STYLE: normal; FONT-FAMILY: = Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif } P { FONT-STYLE: normal; FONT-FAMILY: trebuchet ms, arial, helvetica, = sanserif } OL { FONT-STYLE: normal; FONT-FAMILY: trebuchet ms, arial, helvetica, = sanserif } UL { FONT-STYLE: normal; FONT-FAMILY: trebuchet ms, arial, helvetica, = sanserif } DL { FONT-STYLE: normal; FONT-FAMILY: trebuchet ms, arial, helvetica, = sanserif } TR { FONT-STYLE: normal; FONT-FAMILY: trebuchet ms, arial, helvetica, = sanserif } PRE { FONT-FAMILY: trebuchet ms, arial, helvetica, sanserif } BLOCKQUOTE { FONT-STYLE: normal; FONT-FAMILY: trebuchet ms, arial, helvetica, = sanserif } A:link { COLOR: #000099 } A:visited { COLOR: #660000 } A:hover { COLOR: #ffcc00 } A:active { COLOR: #ff0000 } H4 { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #000066; FONT-FAMILY: = Trebuchet MS, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif } H5 { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Trebuchet MS, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, = sans-serif } ------=_NextPart_000_019E_01C6CDD8.F443C570 Content-Type: application/octet-stream Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Location: http://www.statcounter.com/counter/counter.js var sc_width=3Dscreen.width; =09 var sc_referer =3D ""+document.referrer; // var sc_referer =3D parent.document.referrer; var sc_title =3D ""; var sc_url =3D ""; var sc_unique =3D 0; var sc_returning =3D 0; var sc_returns =3D 0; var sc_agent =3D navigator.appName+' '+navigator.appVersion; var sc_base_dir; var sc_error=3D0; var sc_remove=3D0; var sc_http_url=3D"http"; var sc_link_back_start =3D ""; var sc_link_back_end =3D ""; var sc_security_code =3D ""; if(window.sc_https) { if(sc_https=3D=3D1) { sc_doc_loc =3D ''+document.location; myRE =3D new RegExp("^https", "i") if(sc_doc_loc.match(myRE)) { sc_http_url =3D "https"; } else { sc_http_url =3D "http"; } } else sc_http_url =3D "http"; } if(window.sc_partition) { var sc_counter =3D sc_partition+1; sc_base_dir =3D sc_http_url+"://c"+sc_counter+".statcounter.com/"; } else { sc_base_dir =3D sc_http_url+"://c1.statcounter.com/"; var sc_partition=3D0; } if(window.sc_text) sc_base_dir +=3D "text.php?"; else sc_base_dir +=3D "t.php?"; if(window.sc_project) { sc_base_dir +=3D "sc_project=3D"+sc_project; = if((sc_project=3D=3D1395484)||(sc_project=3D=3D1395532)||(sc_project=3D=3D= 1300900)||(sc_project=3D=3D1420550)||(sc_project=3D=3D1301977)||(sc_proje= ct=3D=3D1299576)||(sc_project=3D=3D1286300)) sc_remove=3D1; } else if(window.usr) { sc_base_dir +=3D "usr=3D"+usr; } else { sc_error =3D 1; } if(window.sc_remove_link) { sc_link_back_start =3D ""; sc_link_back_end =3D ""; } else { sc_link_back_start =3D ""; sc_link_back_end =3D "<\/a>"; } sc_date =3D new Date(); sc_time =3D sc_date.getTime(); sc_agent =3D sc_agent.toUpperCase(); sc_time_difference =3D 60*60*1000; sc_title =3D ""+document.title; sc_url =3D ""+document.location; sc_referer =3D sc_referer.substring(0, 150); sc_title =3D sc_title.substring(0, 150); sc_url =3D sc_url.substring(0, 150); sc_referer =3D escape(sc_referer); sc_title =3D escape(sc_title); sc_url =3D escape(sc_url); if (window.sc_security) { sc_security_code =3D sc_security; } var sc_tracking_url =3D = sc_base_dir+"&resolution=3D"+sc_width+"&camefrom=3D"+sc_referer+"&u=3D"+s= c_url+"&t=3D"+sc_title+"&java=3D1&security=3D"+sc_security_code+"&sc_rand= om=3D"+Math.random(); // if no usr or project set then display visibile // if usr=3D=3D"someuser" then display visibile if(sc_error=3D=3D1) { document.writeln("Code corrupted. Insert fresh copy."); } else if(sc_remove=3D=3D1) { document.writeln("StatCounter cannot track a high volume website = like yours for free. This was stated several times during the sign up = process. Please remove the code ASAP."); } //else if(sc_partition=3D=3D6) { // down at the moment //} else if (window.sc_invisible) { if(window.sc_invisible=3D=3D1) { sc_img =3D new Image(); sc_img.src =3D sc_tracking_url; } else { document.writeln(sc_link_back_start+" $3D\"StatCounter$ "+sc_link_back_end); } } else if (window.sc_text) { document.writeln(''); } else { document.writeln(sc_link_back_start+" $3D\"StatCounter$ "+sc_link_back_end); } ------=_NextPart_000_019E_01C6CDD8.F443C570--